The U.S. Department of Education (ED) has historically played a central role in federal education policy, funding, and civil rights enforcement, but under Secretary Linda McMahon and the Trump administration, its mission is shifting toward decentralization and reduced federal oversight. Here’s a breakdown of its core functions and recent changes:

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– ED manages over $260 billion annually, including , for low-income schools, and for students with disabilities. It also oversees the $1.6 trillion federal student loan portfolio.

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– The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) ensures compliance with anti-discrimination laws (e.g., Title VI, Title IX) in federally funded schools.

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– ED conducts nationwide studies on educational outcomes, publishes statistics, and identifies systemic issues (e.g., achievement gaps).

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– The department advises the president on reforms and administers programs like school choice initiatives.

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In line with President Trump’s 2025 executive orders, McMahon is overseeing ED’s downsizing and eventual closure, arguing that education should be controlled by . Key changes include:

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– Nearly 50% of ED staff (over 2,000 employees) were laid off in March 2025. McMahon claims this will reduce “red tape” and redirect power to state departments of education.

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– Ending federal promotion of “divisive” programs like and curricula.
– Prioritizing “patriotic education,” civics, and traditional subjects (math, science, reading).

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– McMahon asserts that (for students with special needs) and will continue, albeit managed by states.

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– : Critics warn that dismantling ED’s OCR could weaken protections for marginalized groups, including students with disabilities and LGBTQ+ youth.
– : While McMahon pledges to maintain grants, opponents argue state-level management could lead to inequities, particularly for underfunded districts.
– : ED has faced calls for abolition since its 1980 creation, with opponents deeming it unconstitutional. Proponents counter that it ensures baseline equity and accountability.

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McMahon describes ED’s restructuring as a “final mission” to restore “liberty and excellence” in education. The department’s remaining staff will focus on transitioning responsibilities to states, streamlining federal aid, and closing operations by late 2025. While supporters celebrate this as a win for local control, educators and civil rights advocates remain skeptical of the long-term impacts on educational equity.